BIOLMY 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


PLATES 


OF  THE 


CEREBRO  SPINAL   NERYES, 


FOR  THE  USE  OF 


MEDICAL  S1TOENTS. 


BY 


PAUL    B.    GODDARD,     M.  D., 

PROSECTOR  OF  ANATOMY  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA ;  MEMBER  OF  THE  ACADEMY  OF 
NATURAL  SCIENCES,  OF  THE  PHILADELPHIA  MEDICAL  SOCIETY,  &C. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
PUBLISHED    BY    J.    G.    AUNER, 

No.  331  MARKET  STREET. 

1837. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1837,  by  PAUL  B.  GODDARD,  M.  D., 
in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Pennsylvania. 


PRINTED  BT  T.  K.  AND  P.  G.  COLLINS. 


TO 

W.  E.  HORNER,  M.  D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  ANATOMY  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 

DISTINGUISHED  ALIKE 
FOR  HIS  SKILL  AND  PROFOUND  RESEARCH  AS  AN 

ANATOMIST, 

AND  HIS  MANY  VIRTUES  IN  PRIVATE  LIFE, 
THIS  WORK  IS  RESPECTFULLY 

Dcirfcattfr, 

BY  HIS  GRATEFUL  FRIEND, 

THE  AUTHOR, 


TO 


MEDICAL     STUDENTS 


HAVING  but  a  few  years  back  been  one  of  your  number,  and  felt 
the  want  of  assistance  in  the  way  of  Plates  to  elucidate  Anatomical 
Structure,  and,  knowing  that  in  some  respects  this  want  is  not  yet 
supplied  to  the  American  Student,  I  am  furnished  with  a  strong  in- 
ducement to  attempt  a  work  of  this  kind.  The  Nerves  have  always 
been  a  stumbling  block  to  the  Student,  in  consequence  of  the  difficulty 
of  dissecting  and  studying  them  in  their  various  relations;  and  while 
Plates  of  the  Arteries  of  various  grades  of  value,  are  daily  presented  to 
him,  as  yet,  no  satisfactory  work  on  the  Nerves  has  been  furnished. 

I  should  do  a  great  injustice  to  the  beautiful  and  exact  work  of  Mr. 
Swan,  which  has  but  lately  appeared,  if  I  did  not  exclude  it  from  the 
above  sweeping  declaration ;  but  the  price  of  Mr.  Swan's  work  is  too 
high  for  the  majority  of  students,  and  the  plates  are  so  highly  finished, 
that  it  would  suit  the  practised  anatomist  better  than  the  mere  tyro. 
For  the  Plates  exhibiting  the  Nerves  of  the  Extremities,  however,  I  am 
2 


vi  TO  MEDICAL  STUDENTS. 

mainly  indebted  to  that  work,  as  they  are  there  shown  in  a  distinct  and 
correct  manner. 

The  advance  which  the  art  of  lithography  has  made,  and  its  com- 
parative cheapness,  will  enable  me  to  place  at  your  disposal  a  complete 
series  of  Plates  to  suit  any  of  the  standard  descriptive  works  of  the  day, 
at  a  very  low  rate. 

It  is  not  pretended  that  these  Plates  are  original ;  on  the  contrary, 
they  are  almost  all  taken  from  some  larger  work,  the  best  and  most 
appropriate  culled  for  your  use.  Few  of  them,  moreover,  are  present- 
ed in  their  original  guise,  for  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  add  in  one 
place  and  subtract  in  another,  to  make  the  view  sufficiently  compre- 
hensive, and  at  the  same  time  to  avoid  the  confusion  which  an  im- 
mense number  of  filaments  must  necessarily  present  to  the  eye.  This 
has  led  to  the  modification  of  every  Plate  to  a  certain  extent,  as  for 
instance,  the  omission  of  Arteries,  which  (while  it  will  in  a  trifling 
degree  diminish  their  value  as  points  of  reference  for  Surgical  Anatomy) 
renders  them  abundantly  more  intelligible.  The  minute  student  may 
also  perceive  the  absence  of  some  small  filaments  and  a  few  anastomoses, 
but  they  are  rarely  attended  to  by  a  student  of  medicine,  and  are  hence 
incompatible  with  the  character  of  this  work. 

The  Plates  are  accompanied  by  References,  which  will  enable  the 
student,  whilst  following  a  lecture,  or  reading  a  description,  to  place 
his  finger  on  the  object  of  his  search. 

At  the  present  day,  it  is  so  customary  to  describe  the  Nerves  from 


TO  MEDICAL  STUDENTS.  Vii 

below,  upward,  that  it  may  seem  outre  to  adhere  to  the  old  numerical 
method,  but  the  facility  of  thus  acquiring  and  remembering  the  various 
trunks — must  be  my  apology. 

It  was  my  intention  at  first  to  have  given  a  Plate  of  the  Great  Sym- 
pathetic, but  on  attempting  to  reduce  it  to  the  size  of  this  work,  it  was 
found  to  have  lost  its  value  in  consequence  of  the  confusion  incident  to 
the  crowding  of  the  numerous  plexuses  into  so  small  a  space.  And 
besides,  the  large  plate  of  Mr.  Manec,  which  was  republished  in  this 
country  by  Dr.  Pancoast,  is  so  excellent,  and  so  generally  possessed  by 
students,  that  its  absence  will  hardly  be  felt. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  express  my  sincere  desire  to  facilitate  your  ar- 
duous course  of  study,  and  if  these  Plates  should  in  any  way  contribute 
to  that  end,  they  will  have  fully  accomplished  the  intentions  of 

Your  Friend  and  well  wisher, 

PAUL  B.  GODDARD. 


OF     THE    NERVES. 


THERE  are  Forty-three  pairs  of  Nerves  which  arise  from  the  Brain 
and  Spinal  Marrow ;  twelve  of  these  pairs  arise  from  the  Brain,  and 
the  remaining  thirty-one  from  the  Spinal  Medulla.  Of  the  twelve 
pairs  arising  from  the  Brain,  two  originate  from  the  Cerebrum,  viz:  the 
1st  pair,  or  Olfactory,  and  the  3d  pair,  or  Motor  Oculi.  Three  origi- 
nate from  the  Pons  Varolii,  viz;  the  2d,  or  Optic,  the  4th,  or  Pathetic, 
and  the  5th,  or  Trifacial ;  and  seven  arise  from  the  Medulla  Oblon- 
gata,  viz:  the  6th,  or  Motor  Externus,  the  7th,  or  Auditory  and  Facial, 
the  8th  consisting  of  the  Par  Vagum,  Glosso-Pharyngeal  and  Spinal 
Accessory,  and  the  9th  or  Hypo-Glossal. 

The  Nerves  arising  from  the  base  of  the  Brain  are  divided  into  3 
classes.  Those  having  a  specific  sensibility  as  the  Optic,  those  which 
are  subservient  to  voluntary  motion  as  the  3d  and  6th,  and  those  whose 
functions  are  of  a  mixed  character. 

The  Nerves  arising  from  the  Medulla  Spinalis  are  devoted  both  to 
sensation  and  motion,  the  former  faculty  being  derived  from  their 
Posterior,  and  the  latter  from  their  Anterior  Roots. 
3 


10  OF  THE  NERVES. 

These  latter  Nerves  are  divided  into  5  classes,  depending  upon  the 
part  of  the  Spinal  Column  from  which  they  emerge.  They  are  called 
Sub-Occipital,  Cervical,  Dorsal,  Lumbar  and  Sacral,  there  being  1  Sub- 
Occipital,  7  Cervical,  12  Dorsal,  5  Lumbar,  and  6  Sacral, 


REFERENCES 


TO  THE  PLATES  IN  WHICH  THE  SEVERAL  NERVES  MAY  BE  POUND. 


CEREBRAL  NERVES. 

1st  pair,  OLFACTORY,  (Nervus  Olfactorious,)  PL  II. 

2d  pair,  OPTIC,  (Nervus  Opticus,)  PL  III. 

3d  pair,  EYE-MOVING,  (Nervus  Motor  Oculi,)  PL  III. 

4th  pair,  PATHETIC,  (Nervus  Trochlearis,)  PL  III,  &  VI. 

5th  pair,  TRIFACIAL,  (Nervus  Trigeminus^)  PL  II,  III,  IV,  &  V. 

6th  pair,  EYE-ABDUCTING,  (Nervus  Motor  Externus,)  PL  III. 

7th  pair,  FACIAL,  (Nervus  Facialis,  Portio  Dura,)  PL  V. 

AUDITORY,  (Nervus  Jluditorim,  Portio  Mollis^)  PL  V. 
8th  pair,  PAR  VAGUM,  (Nervus  Pneumogastricus,)  PL  VI. 

GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL,  (N.  Glosso-Pharyngeus,)  PL  VII. 

SPINAL  ACCESSORY,  (Nervus  Jlccessorius,)  PL  VI. 
9th  pair,  HYPOGLOSSAL,  (Nervus  Hypoglossus^)  PL  VI,  &  VII. 


12  REFERENCES  TO  THE  PLATES. 


SPINAL  NERVES. 

The  SPINAL  NERVES  and  their  ramifications  are  exhibited  in  Plates 
V,  VIII,  IX,  X,  XI,  &  XII. 


n.l 


PL.ATE   I. 

THE  opposite  plate  represents  the  point  of  emergence  of  twelve  pairs 
of  Nerves  from  the  hase  of  the  Brain.  The  exact  origin  is  not  seen, 
being  in  most  cases  deep  in  the  substance  of  the  Brain.  The  division 
of  the  Brain  into  lobes,  the  Cerebellum,  the  Pons  Varolii,  and  the 
Medulla  Oblongata,  as  well  as  the  Corpora  Albicantia,  the  Infundi- 
bulum,  and  the  Crura  Cerebri  are  also  seen. 

REFERENCES. 

1.  The  1st  pair,  or  OLFACTORY,  (Olfactorius,)  arising  from  the 

Corpora  Striata. 

2.  The  2d  pair,  or  OPTIC,  (Optlcus,}  arising  from  the  Tubercula 

QuadrigeminaandThalami  Nervi  Optici  better  seen  in  PL  HI. 
Fig.  1st. 

3.  The  3d  pair,  or  (Motor  Oculi,)  arising  from  the  Crura  Cerebri. 

4.  The  4th  pair,  or  PATHETIC,   (TrochkarisJ)   arising  from  the 

valve  of  the  Brain. 

5.  The  5th  pair,  or  TRIFACIAL,  (Trigeminus,)  arising  from  the 

space  between  the  Pons  Varolii  and  Crus  Cerebelli. 

6.  The  6th  pair,  or  (Motor  Externus,}  arising  from  Corpus  Pyra- 

midale. 
4 


14 

7.  The  7th  pair  consisting  of 

a.  The  FACIAL  NERYE,  (Portio  Dura,)  arising  from  the 

Medulla  Oblongata. 

b.  The  AUDITORY  NERYE,  (Portio  Mollis,)  arising  from 

the  Calamus  Scriptorius  and  Corpus  Restiforme. 

8.  The  8th  pair  consisting  of 

c.  The   GL.OSSO-PHARYNGEAL   NERYE,   (Glosso-Pharyn- 

geus,)  arising  from  the  Corpora  Restiformia. 

d.  The  PNEUMO  GASTRIC,  (Par  Vagum,)  arising  from  the 

Corpus  Restiforme. 

e.  The  SPINAL  ACCESSORY,  (rfccessoriusj  arising  from 

the  Medulla  Oblongata  and  Spinalis,  as  low  down  as 
the  7th  Cervical  Nerve  by  about  ten  Roots. 

9.  The  Roots  of  the  9th  pair,  or  HYPOGLOSSAL,  (Hypoglossus,) 

arising  from  the  fissure  between  the  Corpora  Pyramidalia  and 
Olivaria,  having  from  four  to  eight  Roots. 


Fid.  1st 


PLATE   II. 

THE  opposite  plate  represents  the  distribution  of  the  1st  pair,  or 
Olfactory,  as  well  as  some  of  the  branches  of  the  5th  pair.  The 
distribution  of  the  fibrils  on  the  Septum  Narium  is  seen  in  Fig.  1st.  and 
will  be  observed  to  be  Penicillous  without  any  Anastomoses ;  whereas, 
the  fibrils  on  the  Turbinated  Bones  are  seen  in  Fig.  2d.  to  form  a  com- 
plete net  work.  A  Ganglion  is  seen  in  the  Foramen  Incisivum,  to 
which  both  the  Spheno-Palatine,  (Fig.  1st.  3,  3,)  and  the  Poste- 
rior Palatine  Nerves,  (Fig.  2d.  3,)  run.  A  branch  of  the  5th  is 
seen  to  penetrate  the  Nose,  (Fig.  2d.  1,)  and  course  along  the  Mid- 
dle and  Inferior  Turbinated  Bones,  and  another,  the  Internal  Nasal, 
(Fig.  2d,  2,  2, 2,)  is  seen  entering  the  Nose  through  the  Anterior  Fora- 
men in  the  Cribriform  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid,  and  cruising  along  the 
under  surface  of  the  Os  Nasi.  The  internal  branch  of  the  Internal  Na- 
sal is  seen  in  Fig.  1st.  on  the  dark  shading  in  front  of  the  other  Nerves, 
it  has  no  reference,  but  is  forked  like  a  snake's  tongue.  In  Fig.  2d.  a 
Filament  is  seen  going  to  the  Frontal  Sinus. 

REFERENCES. 
Fig.  1st.  1.  Filaments  of  OLFACTORY,  on  Septum  Narium. 


16 

2,  2.  Second  Trunk  of  5th  or  SUPERIOR  MAXILLARY. 
3, 3.  NASO-PALATINUS  of  Hunter. 

4.  PALATINE  GANGLION  in  Foramen  Incisivum. 

Fig.  2d.  1.  Branch  of  5th  from  POSTERIOR  PALATINE.     The  Ol- 
factory Fihrils  on  the  Turhinated  Bones  are  seen  just  above. 
2, 2,  2.  INTERNAL  NASAL. 

3.  SPHENO-PALATINE  BRANCHES. 


run 


X  '/A it;// LUn  '-' 


c/    p 


PLATE    III. 


THE  opposite  plate  exhibits  the  course  of  the  2d,  3d,  4th,  first 
branch  of  the  5th,  and  the  6th  pairs  of  Nerves.  The  2d  pair,  or  Optic, 
are  seen  at  their  origins  from  the  Tubercula  Quadrigemina.  (Fig.  1st. 
4,  5,  5).  They  are  seen  to  form  their  junction  or  Chiasm,  and  then 
enter  the  Eyeball.  In  one  eye  (2),  the  mode  of  entering  the  Sclerotic 
Coat  is  visible,  and  in  the  other  (1),  the  Retina  is  seen  attached  to  the 
extremity  of  the  Nerve.  At  Fig.  2d  and  3d  are  seen  magnified  sec- 
tions of  the  Optic  Nerve,  which  will  give  an  idea  of  the  structure  of 
Nerves  in  general.  Fig.  2d  is  a  Longitudinal,  and  Fig.  3d  a  Transverse 
Section.  In  (Fig.  4th)  the  3d  pair  is  seen  arising  from  the  Crus 
Cerebri  (2),  and  dividing  in  the  Orbit  into  branches;  which  are 
distributed  to  the  Rectus  Superior,  Inferior  and  Internus,  as  well  as 
the  Levator  Palpebrae  and  Obliquus  Inferior.  A  short  trunk  is  seen 
forming  the  Lenticular  Ganglion,  (vertically  under  No.  14,)  from 
which  are  seen  proceeding  the  Ciliary  Nerves  to  be  lost  on  the  Cho- 
roid  Coat  of  the  Eye.  The  4th  pair  (3),  is  seen  arising  from  the 
valve  of  the  Brain,  to  be  distributed  to  the  Superior  Oblique  Muscle 
of  the  Eye — this  Nerve  may  also  be  seen  in  PI.  VI.  The  5th  pair  is 
shown  emerging  from  the  side  of  the  Pons  Varolii  (4),  and  forming 
the  Ganglion  of  Gasser :  it  afterwards  divides  into  3  trunks,  one  going 
5 


18 

through  the  Sphenoidal  Fissure  (5, 9),  another  through  the  Foramen 
Rotundum  (6),  and  a  third  entering  the  Foramen  Ovale  (7).  The 
first  of  these,  or  Ophthalmic  is  seen  to  divide  into  3  branches,  the 
Lachrymal  (9),  the  Nasal  (10, 11),  and  the  Frontal  (12,  13).  The 
Lachrymal  is  seen  running  to  the  Lachrymal  Gland  (9).  The  Nasal 
is  seen  to  give  a  hranch  to  the  Lenticular  Ganglion  called  its  long  root ; 
it  then  divides  into  Internal  Nasal,  which  disappears  through  the  An- 
terior Ethmoidal  Foramen  (11),  and  External  Nasal  (10).  The 
Frontal  is  seen  to  divide  also  into  Internal  (12),  and  External  Frontal, 
(13).  The  6th  pair  (8)  is  observed  arising  from  the  valve  of  the 
Brain,  and  as  it  crosses  the  Carotid  Artery  is  seen  to  send  down  two 
or  three  filaments  which  form  the  commencement  of  the  Sympathetic. 
It  is  distributed  to  the  External  Rectus  Muscle. 


REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st.  Origin  and  Course  of  2d  pair  or  OPTIC. 

1.  Eye  showing  the  RETINA. 

2.  Eye  with  SCLEROTIC  COAT. 

3.  Chiasm  of  the  OPTIC  NERVE. 

4.  TUBERCULA  QUADRIGEMINA. 

5.  Roots  of  OPTIC  NERVES. 

Fig.  2d.  Longitudinal  magnified  section  of  OPTIC  NERVE. 
Fig.  3d.  Transverse  Do.  Do.  Do. 


19 

Fig.  4th.  Origin  and  course  of  the  3d,  4th,  first  hranch  of  5th  and 
6th  PAIRS. 

1 .  OPTIC  NERVE,  alongside  of  which  is  seen  the  cut  end 

of  the  CAROTID  ARTERY. 

2.  THIRD  PAIR,  (Motor  OculiJ)  going  to  RECTUS  SUPE- 
RIOR, INFERIOR  and  INTERNUS,  LEVATOR  PALPEBRJE 
and  OBLJQUUS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLES. 

3.  FOURTH  PAIR,  (PatheticusJ  going  to  SUPERIOR  OB- 
LIQUE MUSCLE,  also  seen  in  PI.  VI. 

4.  FIFTH  PAIR,  or  TRIFACIAL,  (Trigeminw.) 

5.  FIRST  of  5th,  or  OPHTHALMIC. 

6.  SECOND  of  5th,  or  SUPERIOR  MAXILLARY. 

7.  THIRD  of  5th,  or  INFERIOR  MAXILLARY. 

8.  8,  8,  SIXTH  PAIR,  (Motor  Externus.} 

9.  LACHRYMAL  BRANCH. 

10.  EXTERNAL  NASAL  BRANCH. 
1 1 ;  INTERNAL  NASAL  BRANCH. 

12.  INTERNAL  FRONTAL  BRANCH. 

13.  EXTERNAL  FRONTAL  BRANCH. 

14.  Is  placed  vertically  over  and  three-fourths  of  an  inch 
ahove  the  LENTICULAR  GANGLION. 


n.iv. 


Fid.  1s! 


Lthma/i  tftfuiwl  Lithr..' 


PLATE    IV. 

THE  opposite  plate  represents  the  distribution  of  the  2d  and  3d 
Branches  of  the  5th  pair ;  the  1st  Branch  being  seen  on  the  last  plate. 
The  trunk  of  the  5th  is  seen  (Fig.  1st,  1)  cut  at  its  point  of  emergence 
from  the  Brain.  The  Ganglion  of  Gasser  (2)  is  also  seen  giving  off 
three  Branches.  The  detail  of  the  1st  Branch  (3)  is  not  given.  The 
2d  Branch  called  the  Superior  Maxillary,  is  seen  to  pass  through  the 
Foramen  Rotundum,  and  immediately  give  off  the  Subcutaneus  Malae 
which  bifurcates,  and  runs  to  the  Malar  Bone.  Two  branches  called 
Pterygo-Palatine  are  then  seen  to  proceed  downward  to  the  Ganglion 
of  Meckel  (14),  which  gives  off  two  trunks,  one  backwards  and  one 
downwards.  The  former,  which  may  be  seen  leaving  the  Ganglion 
and  entering  the  Pterygoid  Foramen  (14),  is  called  Vidian;  and  the 
latter,  the  continuation  of  which  may  be  seen  in  Plate  II.  Fig.  2d,  is 
called  Posterior  Palatine.  The  continuation  of  the  Vidian  is  seen  in 
Fig.  2d  (2),  where  it  may  be  observed  joining  the  Portio  Dura  (3)  in  the 
Aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and  leaving  it  again  to  become  Chorda  Tympani 
(6,  6),  which  finally  unites  with  the  Lingual,  a  branch  of  the  third  of 
the  fifth.  Pursuing  the  Infra-Orbital  Nerve  (13),  it  is  seen  to  give 
off  the  Posterior  Dental  Branches  (15),  and  then  to  emerge  from 
the  Infra-Orbitary  Foramen,  dividing  into  Palpebral  and  Labial.  The 
6 


22 

Anterior  Dental  Branches  are  given  off,  whilst  the  Nerve  is  still  in 
the  Infra-Orbitary  Foramen. 

The  3d  Branch  is  seen  to  pass  through  the  Foramen  Ovale  (Fig. 
1st,  2)  and  divide  into  Anterior  (8),  and  Posterior  Branches  (5). 
The  Anterior  (8)  divides  into  five,  viz :  the  two  Temporal,  Masseter, 
Buccal  and  Pterygoid.  The  Posterior  (5)  divides  into  the  Superficial 
Temporal  (6),  the  continuation  of  which  is  seen  in  (PI.  V.  7)  the 
Inferior  Dental  (10,  11,  12)  and  the  Lingual  (9,  9),  which  is  joined 
by  the  Chorda  Tympani  (7). 


REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st.  Represents  the  distribution  of  the  3d  and  3d  Branches  of 
the  5th  pair  of  NERVES. 

1.  Trunk  of  the  5th  PAIR. 

2.  GANGLION  OF  GASSER. 

3.  OPHTHALMIC   BRANCH,  (first  of  5th,)  better  seen  in 
PL  III. 

4.  SUPERIOR  MAXILLARY  BRANCH,  (second  of  5th.) 

5.  INFERIOR  MAXILLARY  BRANCH,  (third  of  5th.) 

6.  SUPERFICIAL  TEMPORAL,  (seen  in  PI.  V.  7.) 

7.  CHORDA  TYMPANI  joining  the  Lingual. 

8.  MUSCULAR  BRANCH  of  third  of  5th,  which  passes  through 
the  Ganglion  of  Gasser  without  arising  from  it,  and  is 
sometimes  called  a  fourth  root  of  the  fifth  pair.     It  is  dis- 
distributed  to  the  Masseter,  the  Pterygoid,  the  Tempo- 
ral and  Buccinator  Muscles.     It  is  a  Nerve  of  motion. 


23 

9.  LINGUAL.   BRANCH   to   Tongue,   supposed  to  be   the 
Nerve  of  Taste.     The  minute  distribution  is  seen  in 
PL  VII.  Fig.  2d. 

10.  INFERIOR  DENTAL  to  Lower  Teeth. 

1 1 .  Continuation  of  Do.  called  SUBMENTAL. 

12.  BRANCH   OF   LINGUAL  to   Submaxillary  Gland,  see 
PL  VII,  Fig.  3d,  3. 

13.  INFRA-ORBITAL  NERVE. 

14.  GANGLION  OF  MECKEL  and  VIDIAN  NERVE. 

15.  POSTERIOR  DENTAL  NERVE. 

16.  POSTERIOR  PALATINE  NERVE. 

Fig.  2d.  Exhibits  the  Course  of  the  VIDIAN  NERVE. 

1.  CAROTID  ARTERY. 

2.  VIDIAN  NERVE  entering  the  Cranium  and  joining 

3,  3.  THE  FACIAL  NERVE,  (Portio  Dura,)  in  the  Aque- 

duct of  Fallopius. 

4,  5.  LINGUAL  NERVE  joined  by 

6.  THE  CHORDA  TYMPANI. 

7.  BRANCH  OF  FACIAL. 

The  relation  of  the  Leg  of  the  MALLEUS  and  the  INCUS  to  the 
Chorda  Tympani  is  seen  in  this  plate. 


PL  5 


PLATE    V. 


THIS  plate  represents  the  distribution  of  the  7th  pair  of  Nerves,  the 
Portio  Dura,  or  Facial,  being  displayed  in  Fig.  1st,  and  the  Portio 
Mollis,  or  Auditory  in  Fig.  3d.  In  Fig.  1st  the  Facial  Nerve  is  seen 
soon  after  leaving  the  Stylo-Mastoid  Foramen,  to  give  off  the  Posterior 
Auricular  Branch  (2).  It  is  then  seen  to  divide  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  form  the  Pes  Anserinus  (3,  4,  5,  6),  from  which  the  several  orders 
of  branches  proceed.  The  Temporo-Facial  Branches  (4,  5)  are  seen 
to  run  to  the  Muscles  of  the  Temporal  Region  and  upper  part  of  the 
Face.  The  Buccal  Branches  two  or  three  in  number  (5  to  6)  may 
be  observed  crossing  the  Masseter,  and  running  to  supply  the  Muscles 
and  Skin  from  the  Eye  to  the  Mouth.  The  Cervico-Facial  Branches 
(3  to  6)  are  seen  also  running  to  the  Muscles  and  Skin  of  the  Lower 
Jaw  and  upper  part  of  the  Neck.  Besides  these,  several  branches  of 
the  5th  may  be  observed  in  the  figure.  The  Superficial  Temporal  of 
the  third  of  the  5th  may  be  seen  (7)  receiving  an  Anastomosis  from 
the  Facial  (8),  and  proceeding  up  on  the  Temporal  Region ;  and  the 
Supra  (9)  and  Infra-  (10)  Orbital,  and  Sub-Mental  (11)  Branches  may 
be  observed  emerging  from  their  respective  Foramina.  The  three  upper 
Cervical  Nerves  (12,  12,  12)  are  also  displayed,  and  from  the  first  a 
branch  may  be  seen  ramifying  over  the  Occipital  Region.  In  Fig.  2d 
7 


26 

the  distribution  of  the  Auditory  Nerve  over  the  Parietes  of  the  Mem- 
branous Labyrinth  is  very  well  exhibited. 

REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st.  The  distribution  of  the  PORTIO  DURA  of  the  7th  pair,  or 
FACIAL.  NERVE. 

1.  Trunk  of  NERVE  emerging  from  Stylo-Mastoid  Fora- 
men. 

2.  POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  BRANCH. 

3.  CERVICO-FACIAL  BRANCHES. 

4.  4.  TEMPORO-FACIAL  BRANCHES. 

6.  BUCCAL  BRANCHES. 

7.  SUPERFICIAL  TEMPORAL  BRANCH  of  the  third  of  the 
5th  Pair. 

8.  ANASTOMOSIS  between  it  and  the  FACIAL. 

9.  SUPRA-ORBITAL  NERVE   or  External  Frontal,  from  the 
First  of  the  5th  Pair. 

10.  INFRA-ORBITAL  NERVE,  from  the  Second  of  the  5th. 

11.  SUB-MENTAL  NERVE,  from  the  Third  of  the  5th. 

12.  12, 12.  Three  UPPER  CERVICAL  NERVES,  the  first  giv- 
ing off  the  Occipital  Nerve. 

13.  DUCT  OF  STENO. 

Fig.  2d.  PORTIO  MOLLIS  of  the  7th,  or  AUDITORY  NERVE,  distri- 
buted to  the  Parietes  of  the  Membranous  Labyrinth. 


PI  .YI . 


i      1 1\         >  i, 


PLATE    VI. 


THE  opposite  plate  taken  from  Bell's  plate  of  the  Respiratory  Nerves, 
is  chiefly  intended  to  exhibit  the  Par  Vagum  or  Pneumogastric  one  of 
the  trunks  of  the  eighth  pair  of  Nerves.  It  may  be  seen  arising  from 
the  Medulla  Oblongata  (3),  and  proceeding  downwards  between  the 
Carotid  Artery  and  Jugular  Vein.  The  first  branch  given  off  is  the 
Superior  Pharyngeal  (4),  which  goes  to  form  the  Pharyngeal  Plexus, 
and  may  be  better  seen  in  PI.  VII.  (Fig.  1st,  12.)  The  Superior 
Laryngeal  Nerve  is  seen  to  come  off  next  (5),  going  to  the  superior 
part  of  the  Larynx,  and  is  also  better  displayed  in  PI.  VII.  (Fig.  1st. 
13.)  The  Recurrent  or  Inferior  Laryngeal  is  next  in  order  and  is 
shown  at  (6,  6.)  The  Cardiac  and  Pulmonary  Branches  (7,  7),  the 
branches  to  the  (Esophagus  (8),  and  those  to  the  Stomach  are  also  dis- 
played. Besides  these,  the  plate  exhibits  a  plan  of  the  ninth  or  Hypo- 
glossal  (11),  and  Descendens  Noni  (12),  (for  which  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred to  the  next  plate),  and  the  Spinal  Accessory  (9,  9,  9),  arising  from 
the  upper  part  of  the  Medulla  Spinalis,  and  after  piercing  the  Sterno- 
Cleido-Mastoid  Muscle  and  Anastomosing  with  the  second  and  third 
Cervical  Nerve,  distributed  to  the  Trapezius  Muscle.  It  also  exhibits 
the  Phrenic  (10)  arising  from  the  second  and  third  Cervical  Nerve,  and 


distributed  to  the  Diaphragm,  as  well  as  the  External  Respiratory  of 
Bell  (13)  arising  from  the  fourth  and  Fifth  Cervical,  and  supplying 
the  Serratus  Magnus  Muscle. 


REFERENCES. 

1.  FOURTH  PAIR,  or  PATHETIC,  (Trochlearis^)  arising  from  the 

Valve  of  the  Brain  and  going  to  the  Trochlearis  Muscle. 

2.  PORTIO  DURA  of  the  seventh  pair  ;  trunks  cut  off. 

3.  Origin  of  the  PAR  VAGUM,  or  PNEUMO  GASTRIC,  the  principal 

Nerve  of  the  eighth  pair. 

4.  SUPERIOR  PHARYNGEAL  NERVE,  a  branch  of  (3)  to  Muscles  of 

Pharynx. 

5.  SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE. 

6.  RECURRENT  NERVE,  or  INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  winding  over  the 

Arteria  Innominata  on  the  right  side,  and  the  arch  of  the 
Aorta  on  the  left.  It  gives  branches  to  the  Heart,  Lungs, 
(Esophagus,  Thyroid  Gland,  Trachea,  Pharynx  and  Larynx. 

7.  7.  Branches  to  the  Heart  and  Lungs. 

8.  8.  Terminating  Branches  of  the  PAR  VAGUM  distributed  to  the 

(Esophagus  and  Stomach. 

9.  SPINAL   ACCESSORY,   one   of    the   8th   pair  to  Sterno-Cleido- 

Mastoideus  and  Trapezius  Muscles. 

10.  10.  PHRENIC  NERVE  arising  from  the  second  and  third  Cervical 

and  supplying  the  Diaphragm. 


29 

11 .  HYPO  GLOSSAL,  or  ninth  pair  to  the  tongue.     See  next  plate. 

12.  DESCENDENS  NONI. 

13.  EXTERNAL  RESPIRATORY  NERVE  of  Bell,  arising  from  the  fourth 

and  fifth  Cervical,  and  distributed  to  the  Serratus  Magnus 
Muscle. 


cs 


Lehman  X  J),,val  Lit*  '.' 


/ ,     ^ 

/  / 


PLATE    VII. 

THE  opposite  plate  is  chiefly  intended  to  display  the  Glosso-Pharyn- 
geal  Nerve  and  the  Hypoglossal,  or  ninth  pair  of  Nerves  ;  besides  these, 
however,  it  exhibits  several  very  important  Nerves.  In  Fig.  1st  the 
Hypoglossal  (1,  2,  3)  may  be  seen  emerging  from  the  Cranium  in 
close  union  with  the  Par  Vagum;  at  (2,)  it  is  seen  to  leave  the 
Vagus  and  after  forming  a  curve  to  run  to  the  Muscles  of  the  Tongue. 
The  ultimate  distribution  is  seen  in  Fig.  2d,  5.  About  its  centre  a 
small  Nerve  is  seen  to  leave  it  to  proceed  down  the  sheath  of  the 
vessels  of  the  Neck  to  the  Muscles  in  front  of  the  Trachea  (4,  4.) 
It  is  called  the  Descendens  Noni.  Just  above  this  the  Glosso-Pharyn- 
geal,  a  Nerve  of  the  eighth  pair,  may  be  seen  emerging  from  the  Fora- 
men Lacerum  Posterius  with  the  Vagus,  and  going  to  the  back  part 
of  the  Tongue  (5,  5,  5.)  From  its  root  is  seen  to  arise  a  filament 
which  runs  upwards  into  the  Tympanum,  and  divides  into  two 
branches.  One  (6)  runs  up  and  joins  the  Superficial  Petrous  Nerve  (7), 
the  other  running  from  6  towards  8,  joins  the  commencement  of  the 
Sympathetic :  this  arrangement  is  called  the  Anastomosis  of  Jacobson. 
The  distribution  of  the  Glosso-Pharyngeal  to  the  Tongue  is  seen  in 
Fig.  2d,  6. 


32 

The  plate  also  shows  the  commencement  of  the  Par  Vagum  (11), 
and  of  the  Great  Sympathetic  (10.) 

Fig.  2d,  exhibits  the  Nerves  of  the  Tongue,  being  from  the  fifth, 
eighth  and  ninth  pairs. 


REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st.  Exhibits  the  GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL,  one  of  the  eighth 
pair,  the  HYPOGLOSSAL,  or  ninth  pair,  the  ANASTOMOSIS  of 
JACOB  SON,  and  the  commencement  of  the  PAR  VAGUM  and 
SYMPATHETIC. 

1.  HYPOGLOSSAL  and  PAR  VAGUM  united  for  about  an  inch  into  a 

single  trunk. 

2.  HYPOGLOSSAL  leaving  the  Vagus. 

3.  HYPOGLOSSAL,  dividing  to  supply  the  Muscles  of  the  Tongue. 

4.  DESCENDENS  NONI,  going  to  the  parts  in  front  of  the  Trachea. 

5.  5,  5.  GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL,  one  of  the  eighth  pair. 

6.  TYMPANINE    NERYE    from    GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL   dividing  to 

join 

7.  The  SUPERFICIAL  PETROUS  and  SYMPATHETIC. 

8.  SIXTH  PAIR  and  SUPERFICIAL  PETROUS,  the  former  below,  the 

latter  above. 

9.  The  early  part  of  the  GREAT  SYMPATHETIC. 

10.  SUPERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLION  of    Do. 

11.  PAR  VAGUM,  or  PNEUMOGASTRIC. 


33 

12.  SUPERIOR  PHARYNGEAL  NERVE. 

13.  SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE. 

Fig.  2d,  Displays  the  NERVES  of  the  Tongue  from  below. 

1.  LINGUAL,  BRANCH  of  fifth  pair. 

2.  MAIN  TRUNK  going  to  the  PAPILLJE  of  the  Tongue  as  far  as  the 

tip. 

3.  Branch  to  SUBMAXILLARY  GLAND. 

4.  Same  NERVE,  (Lingual^  on  the  other  side. 

5.  NINTH  PAIR,  or  HYPO  GLOSSAL. 

6.  GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL  supplying  the  back  part  of  the  Tongue. 


Fig.** 


FJo.6% 

C3 


m 


PLATE   VIII. 

THE  opposite  plate  represents  the  origin  of  the  Thirty-one  Pairs  of 
Spinal  Nerves  from  the  Medulla  Spinalis,  and  the  Structure  of  the 
Medulla. 

Fig.  1st  Exhibits  the  MEDULLA  with  the  DURA  MATER  slit  open 
and  turned  off  on  each  side ;  the  origins  of  the  Nerves  are  seen, 
and  between  them  the  Ligamenta  Denticulata,  processes  of  the  Pia 
Mater  with  their  points  attached  to  the  Dura  Mater.  The  Nerves 
are  numbered  and  in  classes,  viz :  1  S.  Oc.  one  Sub-Occipital ;  from 
1  to  7  C.  are  the  seven  Cervical ;  from  1  to  12  D.  are  the  twelve 
Dorsal ;  from  1  to  5  L.  are  the  five  Lumbar;  and  from  1  to  6  S.  are 
the  six  Sacral  Nerves.  Besides  this  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  figure, 
B.  P.  refers  to  the  Brachial  Plexus,  L.  P.  to  the  Lumbar  Plexus,  and 
S.  P.  the  Sacral  Plexus.  The  Nerves  composing  these  Plexuses  may 
be  seen  on  the  opposite  side  where  they  are  numbered. 

Figs.  2d  and  3d  Exhibit  the  arrangement  of  the  CINERITIOUS 
PORTION  in  the  centre  of  the  MEDULLA,  and  the  origin  of  the  Ante- 
rior and  Posterior  Roots  of  the  SPINAL  NERVES. 


36 

In  Fig.  3d  (1)  is  the  ANTERIOR  ROOT,  (2)  the  POSTERIOR,  (3)  the 
GANGLION  on  the  Posterior  Root,  and  (4)  the  UNITED  TRUNK. 

Fig.  5th  Shows  the  ANTERIOR  COMMISSURE,  and 

Fig.  6th  The  POSTERIOR  COMMISSURE  of  the  MEDULLA  SPINALIS. 


FI.I.X. 


Lehntui,   ,i  '  Jrn-  • 


PLATE   IX. 

THE  opposite  plate  exhibits  the  Nerves  of  the  Shoulder  and  Arm  as 
far  as  the  Elbow.  The  Nerves  forming  the  Brachial  Plexus  are  seen 
(1)  emerging  from  the  fissure  between  the  Scalenus,  Anticus  (A),  and 
Medius  Muscles,  and  passing  between  the  Clavicle  and  first  rib  to  reach 
the  Axilla ;  they  are  there  seen  to  form  the  Plexus  or  intertexture,  and 
then  to  give  off  trunks  to  the  surrounding  parts.  The  Nervus  Scapu- 
laris  is  seen  (Fig.  2d,  1)  passing  through  the  Coracoid  Notch,  and 
supplying  the  Supra  and  Infra-Spinatus  (E  &  F),  and  Teres  Minor 
Muscles.  The  Subscapulares  are  seen  going  off  (Fig.  1st,  between  5 
and  9)  to  the  Subscapular  Muscles.  The  Nervi  Thoracici  are  seen 
(2,  2)  going  to  the  Pectoralis  Major,  Minor,  and  Subclavius  Muscles. 
The  Nervus  Jlxillaris,  or  Circumflexus  is  seen  arising  (Fig.  1st,  9) 
from  the  Brachial  Plexus,  winding  around  the  neck  of  the  bone  (Fig. 
2d,  2),  and  dividing  into  two  branches  (3  and  4),  the  first  distributed 
to  the  Infra-Spinatus,  and  the  second  to  the  Deltoid.  The  Nervus 
Cutaneus  Humeri  is  also  seen  (Fig.  2d,  5,  5,  5)  to  be  a  branch  of  this 
going  to  the  Skin  near  the  Shoulder.  The  Nervus  Cutaneus  Internus 
is  seen  (Fig.  1st,  3,  3,  3)  dividing  into  two  branches,  the  continuation 
of  which  may  be  seen  in  the  next  plate  (Fig.  2d,  3  and  4,  and  Fig. 
1st,  1.)  The  Nervus  Musculo-Cutaneus  or  External  Cutaneous  is 
10 


38 

seen  (4,  4,  4)  perforating  the  Coraco-Brachialis  Muscle,  and  then  run- 
ning under  the  Biceps,  and  reappearing  at  the  hend  of  the  arm ;  its 
continuation  may  be  found  (PI.  X.  Fig.  2d,  1,  and  Fig.  1st,  2.) 

The  Nervus  Radialis,  or  Musculo-Spiralis  is  seen  (5,  5)  arising  from 
the  upper  part  of  the  Plexus,  and  disappearing  behind  the  Coraco- 
Brachialis  Muscle,  to  wind  around  the  Os  Humeri  (Fig.  2d,  7.)  It 
gives  off  three  principal  branches ;  one  of  which,  the  Ramus  Super- 
ficialis  Dorsalis,  is  seen  (Fig.  2d,  6,  6),  the  remaining  two  being  found 
in  the  next  plate.  The  trunks  of  the  Nervus  Medianus  (Fig.  1st, 
7,  7),  and  Nervus  Ulnaris  (8,  8)  are  also  seen,  and  the  student  is  re- 
ferred to  the  next  plate  for  their  continuation. 

REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st  Represents  the  NERVES  of  the  Shoulder  and  Arm  as  far  as 
the  bend. 

A.  SCALENUS  ANTICUS  MUSCLE. 

B.  STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS  MUSCLE. 

C.  BICEPS  FLEXOR  CUBITI  MUSCLE. 

D.  CORACO-BRACHIALIS  MUSCLE. 

1.  BRACHIAL   PLEXUS,   consisting   of  the  four  Inferior   Cervical 

Nerves  and  the  first  Dorsal. 

2.  THORACIC  NERVES,  (Nervi  Thoracici^)  to  the  Pectoralis  Minor 

and  Major,  and  Subclavius  Muscle. 

3.  INTERNAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE,  (Cutaneus  Internus^)  to  integu- 

ments on  Ulnar  side  of  Arm. 


39 

4,  4, 4.  EXTERNAL  CUTANEOUS  NERYE,  (Musculo-Cutaneus^  perfora- 

ting the  Coraco-Brachialis  Muscle,  and  going  to  the  integuments 
and  Muscles  on  the  Radial  side  of  the  upper  extremity. 

5,  5,  5.  MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE  winding  around  the  Humerus. 

6,  Place  of  origin  of  the  Ramus  Superficialis  Dor  sails. 

6,  6.  MEDIAN  NERVE,  (Medianus.) 

8,  8.  ULNAR  NERVE,  (Ulnaris.) 

9.  CIRCUMFLEX  NERVE,  (Jlxillaris,)  to  Deltoid  Muscle,  &c. 

Fig.  2d  Exhibits  the  NERVES  on  the  hack  of  the  Scapula  and 
Shoulder. 

E.  SUPRA-SPINATUS  MUSCLE. 

F.  INFRA-SPINATUS  MUSCLE. 

G.  DELTOID  MUSCLE. 

1.  NERVUS  SCAPULARIS  passing  through  the  Coracoid  Notch  to  the 

Supra  and  Infra-Spinatus  and  Teres  Minor  Muscles. 

2.  NERVUS  AXILLARIS,  continued  from  9,  Fig.  1st. 

3.  Branch  to  INFRA  SPINATUS  MUSCLE. 

4.  BRANCH  to  DELTOID  MUSCLE. 

5.  5,  5.  NERVUS  CUTANEUS  HUMERI,  a  hranch  of  the  Axillaris  to 

the  Skin  of  the  Shoulder. 

5.  RAMUS  SUPERFICIALIS  DORSALIS  a  hranch  of  the  Musculo-Spiral 
Nerve. 

7.  MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE  winding  around  the  Os  Humeri. 


PI  .X 


I.ehntu/t 


PLATE    X. 


THE  opposite  plate  represents  the  continuation  of  the  Nerves  of  the 
Arm  to  the  Fore- Arm  and  hand. 

The  continuation  of  the  Cutaneus  Internus  is  seen  Fig.  1st,  1,  and 
Fig.  3d,  3,  4. 

The  continuation  of  the  Cutaneus  Externus  is  seen  Fig.  2d,  1. 

The  continuation  of  the  Musculo-Spiralis  is  seen  (Fig.  2d,  2)  as 
Ramus  Superfidalis  Anterior,  the  Posterior  hranch  of  which  is  found 
in  Fig.  1st,  2.  The  Ramus  Profundus  Dorsalis  is  seen  at  Fig. 
1st,  3. 

The  continuation  of  the  Nervus  Medianus  is  seen  in  Fig  2d,  2  and 
5,  its  course  in  the  Fore- Arm  heing  concealed  hy  the  Flexor  Suhlimis 
Digitorum  and  Flexor  Longus  Pollicis.  It  forms  seven  Digital 
Branches. 

The  continuation  of  the  Nervus   Ulnaris  is  seen  Fig.  2d,  6,  6,  6. 
It  gives  off  three  Digital  Branches.     Its  Dorsal  Branch  may  he  seen 
11 


42 

in  Fig.  1st,  winding  around  the  Wrist  and  supplying  the  Ulnar  side 
of  the  back  of  the  Hand. 


REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st  Exhibits  the  continuation  of  the  NERVES  on  the  back  of 
the  Fore-Arm. 

1.  The   INTERNAL   CUTANEOUS   NERVE   continued  as  far  as  the 

Wrist.  As  it  is  about  terminating  at  the  Wrist,  a  Nerve 
may  be  seen  winding  around  the  end  of  the  Ulna  to  supply 
the  back  of  the  Hand  on  the  Ulnar  side  ;  it  is  a  branch  of  the 
Ulnar  Nerve. 

2.  RAMUS     SUPERFICIALIS    ANTERIOR    of    the    Musculo-Spiral 

Nerve. 

3.  RAMUS  PROFUNDUS  DORSALIS  of  the  same  Nerve  seen  deep  in 

the  Muscles,  just  as  it  comes  through  the  Radial  Extensors  of 
the  Fore- Arm. 

4.  Lower  part  of  same  Branch. 

Fig.  2d  Represents  the  Anterior  Face  of  the  Fore- Arm,  and  the 
continuation  of  the  Nerves  of  the  last  plate  upon  it. 

1.  EXTERNAL  CUTANEOUS,  (Musculo-Cutanem.) 

2.  MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE,  to  the  right  of  which  may  be  seen 

the  Trunk  of  the  Median  Nerve. 
3  and  4.  INTERNAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE. 

5.  MEDIAN  NERVE  giving  off  the  Digital  Branches  to  the  Thumb, 

first,   second  and  half  of  the  third  finger. 


43 


6,  6,  6.  ULNAR  NERVE  giving  Digital  Branches  to  the  fourth  and 

remaining  half  of  the  third  finger. 

7.  Branch  of  the  RAMUS  SUPERFICIAL.IS  ANTERIOR  of  the  Musculo- 

Spiral  Nerve. 


PI.  XI 


Lehman 


PLATE   XI. 

THE  opposite  plate  represents  the  Nervous  trunks  which  arise  from 
the  Lumbar  Plexus,  and  supply  the  Anterior  Part  of  the  Lower 
Extremity  as  far  as  the  Knee ;  the  continuation  to  the  foot  heing  seen 
in  the  next  plate. 

The  following  is  the  order  of  the  Trunks  as  they  come  off: 

a.  Abdomino-Crural  Branches  ;  usually  three  coming  from  the 
two  upper  Lumbar  Nerves  (Fig.  1st,  1.) 

b.  Spermaticus  Externus  from  the  upper  part  of  the  Plexus  to 
the  Testicle  (Fig.  1st,  2,  2,  and  Fig.  2d,  2,  2.) 

c.  Cutaneus  Externus  (Fig.  1st,  3,  3,  and  Fig.  2d,  3,  3,  3.) 

d.  Cutaneus  Medius  (Fig.  1st,  4,  4,  and  Fig.  2d,  4,  4.) 
6.  Cutaneus  Anterior  (Fig.  1st,  5,  5,  and  Fig.  2d,  5,  5.) 
/.  Cutaneus  Internus  (Fig.  1st,  6,  6,  ond  Fig.  2d,  6,  6.) 

g.  Cruralis  Anterior  arising  from  the  middle  of  the  Lumbar 
Plexus,  and  going  out  with  the  Femoral  Vessels  to  be  distri- 
buted to  the  Muscles  on  the  front  of  the  Thigh  (Fig.  2d,  l), 
one  of  its  branches,  the  Saphenus^  running  as  far  as  the  Foot 
(Fig.  2d,  8,  8,  and  PL  XII.  Fig.  2d.  1.) 

h.  Obturatorius  coming  from  the  middle  of  the  Plexus,  and 
12 


46 

penetrating  the  Foramen  in  the  Obturator  Ligament  to  reach 
the  heads  of  the  Adductor  Muscles  (Fig.  2d,  7,  7.) 

Besides  these,  Fig.  3d  displays  the  Nerves  of  the  Sole  of  the  Foot 
derived  from  the  Posterior  Tibial  Nerve.  The  Internal  Plantar  (2) 
giving  Digital  Branches  to  the  first  three  toes,  and  the  internal  side  of 
the  fourth.  The  External  Plantar  (1)  giving  Digital  Branches  to  the 
little  toe,  and  the  external  side  of  the  fourth. 


REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st  Exhibits  the  ABDOMINO-CRURAL,  the  SPERMATIC  and  CU- 
TANEOUS NERVES  of  the  Thigh. 

1.  ABDOMINO-CRURAL.  BRANCHES. 

2.  SPERMATICUS  EXTERNUS. 

3.  CUTANEUS  EXTERNUS. 

4. MEDIUS. 

5.  ,  ANTERIOR. 

6. INTERNUS. 

Fig.  2d  Exhibits  the  NERVES  on  the  Front  of  the  Thigh. 

1.  CRURALIS  ANTERIOR. 

2.  2.  SPERMATICUS  EXTERNUS. 

3.  CUTANEUS  EXTERNUS. 

4.    MEDIUS. 

5.    ANTERIOR. 

6.    INTERNUS. 


47 

7.  OBTURATORIUS. 

8,  8.  SAPHENUS. 

Fig.  3d  Exhibits  the  NERVES  of  the  Sole  of  the  Foot. 

1 .  EXTERNAL.  PLANTAR  NERVE. 

2.  INTERNAL,  PLANTAR  NERVE. 

3.  FIRST  DIGITAL  BRANCH. 

4.  4,  4.  Remaining  DIGITAL  BRANCHES. 

5.  BRANCH  to  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES. 

6.  BRANCH  to  MUSCLES  of  Little  Toe. 


PLATE    XII. 

THE  opposite  plate  represents  the  Nerves  which  arise  from  the 
SCIATIC  PLEXUS  and  the  continuation  of  the  Saphenw  Nerve  (Fig. 
3d,  1.) 

The  order  of  the  Branches  from  the  SCIATIC  PLEXUS  is  as  follows  : 

a.  NERTI  GLUTJEI  to  the  Gluteal  Muscles  (Fig.  1st,  1  and  2.) 

b.  NERVUS  PUDENDALIS  LONGUS  INFERIOR  going  to  the  Perineal 
Muscles,  Scrotum,  &c.  (Fig.  1st,  3.) 

c.  RAMUS  FEMORALIS  CUTANEUS  POSTERIOR  to  the  Skin  on  the 
hack  of  the  THIGH,  (Fig.  1st,  5,  5.) 

d.  NERYUS   PUDENDALIS   LONGUS   SUPERIOR  accompanies  the 
Internal  Pudic  Artery  and  is  not  seen  in  the  plate. 

e.  The  NERYUS  ISCHIATICUS,  or  the  GREAT  SCIATIC  the  com- 
mon trunk  of  the  Sciatic  Plexus  (Fig.  1st,  4,  4,  4),  sending 
the  following  branches. 

Cutaneus  Internus  Superior  (Fig.  1st.  6,  6.) 

Cutaneus  Internus  Inferior  (Fig.  1st,  7,  7.) 

About  half  way  down  the  Thigh  it  divides  into  Posterior 

Tibial  and  Peroneal  (Fig.  1st,  9.) 
13 


50 

The  PERONEAL  NERVE,  (Nervus  Peroneus)  divides  into 
PERONEUS  EXTERNUS  (Fig.  2d,  3),  and  the  TIBIALIS  AN- 
TERIOR (Fig.  2d,  2),  having  given  off  two  Peroneo-Cuta- 
neous  hranches.  The  Peroneo-Cutaneus  Externus  and 
Internus,  the  last  one  Anastomosing  with  the  Communi- 
cans  TiU&,  (Fig.  2d,  4,  and  Fig.  3d,  8.)  The  POSTE- 
RIOR TIBIAL  (Fig.  3d,  1,)  (Nervus  Popliteus,)  gives  off 
the  EXTERNAL  SAPHENUS,  or  (Communicans  TibixJ 
which  descends  and  Anostomoses  with  the  Internal  Pere- 
neo-Cutaneous  Nerve  (Fig.  1st,  8,  8,  and  Fig.  3d,  4,  4), 
and  then  divides  into  the  External  and  Internal  Plantar 
Nerves  seen  in  the  eleventh  plate. 


REFERENCES. 

Fig.  1st.  Exhibits  the  hranches  of  the  SCIATIC  PLEXUS, 
1  and  2.  NERVI  GLUTJEI. 

3.  NERVUS  PUDENDALIS  LONGUS  INFERIOR. 

4.  NERVUS  ISCHIATICUS. 

5.  RAMUS  FEMORALIS  CUTANEUS  POSTERIOR. 

6.  CUTANEUS  INTERNUS  SUPERIOR. 

7.  CUTANEUS  INTERNUS  INFERIOR. 

8.  COMMUNICANS  TIBLK,  or  EXTERNAL  SAPHENUS. 

9.  NERVUS  PERONEUS. 

10.  PERONEO-CUTANEUS  INTERNUS. 


51 

Fig.  2d.  Shows  the  continuation  of  the  NERVES  on  the  front  of  the 
Leg. 

1.  SAPHENUS  NERVUS. 

2.  TIBIALIS  ANTERIOR. 

3.  PERONEUS  EXTERNUS. 

4.  PERONEO-CUTANETJS  INTERNUS. 

Fig.  3d  Displays  the  continuation  of  the  NERVES  on  the  Posterior 
side  of  the  Leg,  A  heing  the  Internal,  and  B  the  External 
side. 

1.  NERVUS  POPLITEUS,  or  TIBIALIS  POSTERIOR. 

2.  COMMUNICANS  TlBIJE. 

3.  PERONEO-CUTANEUS  INTERNUS. 

4.  Tendon  of  the  Plantaris  Longus  Muscle. 


INDEX 


Plate 

A 

Abdomino-Crural  Nerves,            -            -            -  11 

Anastomosis  of  Jacobson,                          ...  7 

Anterior  Commissure  of  Spinal  Marrow,  8 

Cutaneous  Nerve  of  Thigh,        -            -            -  11 

'    Crural  Nerve,                -             -             -             -  11 

Dental  Nerve,                             ...  4 

Tibial  Nerve,                 -             -             -             -  12 


Base  of  the  Brain,  ....  -  1 

Brachial  Plexus,  .....  9 

Buccal  Nerve,  .....  4 

C 

Cardiac  Nerves,  .....  6 

Chiasm  of  Optic  Nerves,  ....  3 

14 


54  INDEX. 

Plate 

Chorda  tympani^  -  4 

Ciliary  Nerves,  -  3 

Circumflex  Nerve,  -  9 

D 

Digital  Nerves  of  Hand,  -                         - .  10 

"       of  Foot,  -             -  11 

E 

Eighth  Pair  of  Nerves,  -  6,  7 

External  Cutaneous  of  Thigh,  -  1 1 

Peroneal  Nerve,  -             -  12 

Plantar  Nerve,               -  -11 

Respiratory  Nerve,  -  6 

Saphenus  Nerve,  -             -  12 

F 

Fifth  Pair  of  Nerves,  -             -  1,  3,  4 

First  Pair  of  Nerves,  -             -  i?  2 

Fourth  Pair  of  Nerves,  -            -             -  1, 3,  6 

Frontal  Nerve,                              ....  3 

G 

Ganglion  of  Gasser,  -             -  3,  4 

ofMeckel,  -             -  4 

Glosso-Pharyngeal  Nerve,  7 

Gluteal  Nerves,               -             -  -             -             -  n 


INDEX.  55 

Plate 

H 

Hypoglossal  Nerve,                        -  6,  7 

I 

Inferior  Maxillary  Nerve,  4 

Infra-Orbital  Nerve,                      -             -  4 

Internal  Cutaneous  Nerve,  9,  10 

"             "        of  Thigh,  11 

Nasal  Nerve,      -             -                          -  2 

Plantar  Nerve,                ...  1 1 

Ischiatic  Nerve,                -             -             -             -  -           1 1 


Lachrymal  Nerve,           -             -  3 

Lenticular  Ganglion,                    -  3 

Lingual  Nerve,               .....  4 

M 

Median  Nerve,                                            -             -  9,  10 

Medulla  spinalis,             -----  8 

Middle  Cutaneous  Nerve  of  Thigh,           -  11 

Musculo-Cutaneous  Nerve,           -  9,  10 
Musculo-Spiral  Nerve,     -             -            -            -            -9,  10 

N 

Nasal  Nerve,      ------  3 

Ninth  Pair,                                                 -                          -  6,  7 

Nerves  of  Tongue,          -  7 


56 


INDEX. 


Nerves  of  Spine, 

-    of  Base  of  Brain, 

Nervus  abdomino-cruralis, 

-  accessorius, 

-  auditorius, 

-  auricularis  posterior 


buccalis, 

cardiacus, 

chorda  tympani, 

ciliarius, 

circumflexus, 

cutaneus  anterior  cruris, 
"        externus  cruris, 
"        externus  brachii 

internus, 

"        internus  cruris, 
"        medius  cruris, 

communicans  tibiae^ 

crurolis  anterior, 

descendens  noni^     . 

facialis, 

glosso-pharyngeus, 

glutens, 

hypoglossus, 

infra-orbitalis, 

ischiatieus, 


Plate 

8 
1 

11 
6 
5 
5 
9 
4 
6 
4 
3 
9 

11 
11 

9,  10 

9,  10 

11 

11 

12 

11 

6,7 

5 

7 

12 

6,7 

4 

11 


INDEX.  57 

Plate 

Nervus  laryngeus  inferior,  ...  g 

superior,  -             -           •  -             -  6,  7 

lingualis,  4 

maxillaris  inferior,  ....  4 

"         superior,  ....  4 

medianus,  -  -  -  -  -9,  10 

motor  oculi,          -  -             -             -             -  1,  3 

"      externus,  -             -             -             -  1,  3 

musculo-cutaneus,  -             -             -  9,  10 

musculo-spiralis,  -             -             -  9,  10 

nasalis  internus,  -                      •    -             -  2 

obluratorius,         -  -             -             -             -  11 

occipitalis,             -  -             -             -             -  5 

olfadorius,            -  -             -             -            -  1, 2 

opticus,                  -  -             -             -             -  1,  2 

ophthalmicus,        .  •             -             -             -  3 

palatinus  posterior,  -             -             -             -  2, 4 

patheticus,  -  -  -  -  -1, 3,  6 

peroneus,               -----  12 

peroneus  externus,  -             -             -             -  12 

peroneo-cutaneus,  *             -             -             -  12 

pharyngeus  superior,  -             -             -             -  6,  7 

phrenicus,             -----  6 

plantaris  internus, 

externus, 

pneumogastricus,  -             -             -             -  6,  7 

— —  popliteus,               -  -             -             •             -  1 2 
15 


58 


INDEX. 


Nervus  pudendalis  longus  inferior, 

radialis, 

scapularis, 

— —  spheno-palatinus, 

sub-cutaneus  make, 

sub-scapularis, 

tibialis  anterior, 

"    posterior, 
thoracicus, 

trigeminus, 

trochlearis, 

vidianus, 

ulnaris, 


Obturator  Nerve, 
Occipital  Nerve, 
Olfactory  Nerve, 
Optic  Nerve, 
Ophthalmic  Nerve, 
Origin  of  Spinal  Nerves, 


O 


Plate 
11 

9,  10 
9 
2 
4 
9 

12 

12 

9 

4 

1,3,6 

4 

9,  10 


11 

5 

1,2 
1,3 

3 

8 


Par  vagum, 
Pathetic  Nerve, 
Peroneal  Nerve, 
Pes  anserinus, 


6,7 

1,3,6 

12 

5 


INDEX.  59 

Plate 

Phrenic  Nerve,                 ....  6 

Pneumogastric  Nerve,      -                          -  6,  7 

Popliteal  Nerve,               -                                        -            -  12 

Portio  dura,        -             -             -  x          .             .             .  5 

mollis,      -             -             -             -             -             -  5 

Posterior  Auricular  Nerve,                         ...  5 

Dental  Nerve,                             ...  4 

Palatine  Nerve,              ....  4 

Tibial  Nerve,                -             -            -            -  12 

R 

Radial  Nerve,     -  -  -  -  -  -9,  10 

Ramus  femoralis  cutaneus  posterior,          -            -            -  11 

Retina,                ---...  3 


Scapular  Nerve,  .             .             ..            .             .  9 

Second  Pair  of  Nerves,  .             .             .             .             .1,3 

Sections  of  Optic  Nerve,  ....  3 

Seventh  Pair  of  Nerves,  .             .             .             .  1,  5 

Sixth  Pair  of  Nerves,  .             .             .             .  1, 3 

Spheno-Palatine  Nerves,  ....  2 

Spinal  Accessory  Nerve,  ....  6 

Marrow,  .....  8 

Nerves,       .  .             .             .             .             .  8 

Sub-Scapular  Nerve,  .....  9 

Sub-Mental  Nerve,  .....  4 


60  INDEX.         •  ; 

Plate 

Superficial  Temporal  Nerve,          .             .             .             .  4,  5 

Superior  Laryngeal  Nerve,            .             .             .             .  6,  7 

Maxillary  Nerve,              ....  4 

Pharyngeal  Nerve,           .             .             .             .  6,  7 

T 

Third  Pair  of  Nerves,      .  .  .  .  .1,3 

Thoracic  Nerves,               .....  9 

Tongue,  Nerves  of            .             .             .             .             .  7 

Tubercula  quadrigemina,               ....  3 

U 

Vidian  Nerve,      ......  4 

Ulnar  Nerve,        .             .             .             .             .  9,  10 


FINIS. 


